Neocities allows anyone to create a free web site to express themselves. Want to create your own awesome site? Join us!
Thanks a ton!! I need to expand my horizons and find some new stuff, going to pop a gander at a couple of the bands you have on your site B)
Haha, thank you! Calhoun's study is unnerving to say the least, but overpopulation in nature is typically regulated by factors like resource scarcity, disease, etc. Which were mostly controlled for in the experiment. The closest human comparison was Kowloon, which had a high population density and infant mortality rate, but people could leave the city and demographic reports are questionable. Avoid Calhoun's Utopia!
Currently the only rigorous notion of 4-dimensionality I feel I understand well is the Linear Algebra notion of a vector space with 4 linearly independent vectors. Everytime I try looking into tensors, I just get confused, so I'd be interested in seeing what you mean by "a metric tensor with a negative eigenvalue." I know what a metric and an eigenvalue is, at least.
After seeing enough of these, visualizing in enough different ways, and thinking about it for too long, 4D space becomes so easy to understand that it's kind of a no-brainer. Not going to lie though, it took me years.
The negative eigenvalue in time has everything to do with entropy in a positive direction, especially in particle interactions. Spacetime is dynamic, which means that it is tending eventually to a point of rest. This played a large role alongside the universe's expansion leading to the assumption of heat death, that time itself would eventually breakdown, no events, even though space would continue to expand forever.
Don't beat me up if I got any of that wrong, by the way. There's been loads of observations in the last few years alone, especially with JWST, that have been telling us that our existing cosmological models are definitely fundamentally flawed and in need of rewriting.
To be honest I wouldn't know if you are right or wrong lol physics is by no means my area of expertise. I was hoping for more of a pure-math explanation. For me 4D or 5D or nD vector spaces already make sense (just add another coordinate), even if I don't know what they look like.
As far as purely mathematical, I don't know of any applications. I was trying to say in the intro while angrily shaking my fist that time has nothing to do with it. There's always one that's like "Time is the fourth!" All of these softwares are pure Euclidian space, because responsible adults made them. Lol
@xpaper - It sounds like you already got the gist of it. Most of this software seems to treat the concept of "four dimensions" as simply an extra coordinate, let's call it w. Changing that w coordinate gives us another space, while changing x, y, or z changes our place within that particular space.
In the context of Physics, a "scalar" is only a magnitude (e.g.: a speed given in miles per hour). A "vector" is a magnitude with direction (e.g.: 60MPH due North). Both are "tensors". A scalar is a "tensor of rank-0", a vector is a "tensor of rank-1", and so on.
More specifically, tensors are objects that can be described as points on a "manifold". A manifold is a space that may have different "local" and "global" properties. A common example is the Earth. Locally, its surface seems like a flat plane, but globally, it is a sphere. This is a concept from Topology.
The concept of tensors is not used as much when it comes to Linear Algebra. A rank-2 tensor can be described by a matrix, but tensors are not synonymous with matrices. In Physics, you might switch from using one branch of math to the other depending on what you are describing though. So, the term "four dimensions" is often referring to either one of two concepts when used in Physics:
1. The use of four coordinates where x, y, z describe where something is in regular Euclidean space, and a coordinate t that describes when it is there. Simple and intuitive. But when dealing with extremes of speed, like in the case of Relativity Theory, we would use "Minkowski spacetime".
2. In Minkowski spacetime, we still have the three axes of Euclidean space, but "time" is considered a fourth axis that objects travel along at the speed of light. This makes the speed of light constant for every observer and everything else is measured relative to that.
Personally, I feel that a lot of seemingly complex math has been thrown at what are essentially simple relationships, so I understand eastathenaeum's displeasure with how the idea of "four dimensions" is often presented.
I have varying levels of familiarity with everything mentioned here. However, I feel like I still don't have an answer to the question of how someone would go about determining eigenvalues for the "metric tensor of a dimension" and what those objects are in a mathematically rigorous sense. But when I look into it that's precisely the part that remains mystifying.
It sounds like the confusion lies in assuming that spacetime is an object residing within dimensions as opposed to the dimensions being a part of spacetime itself. Basically the metric tensors are functions that translate how space looks to us with what is actually going on and visa versa, a feature of projection for mapping in differential geometry.
I'm thinking about either changing or removing the wording now, because on all levels, peoples' minds are already made up for whether or not time exists. To me that's kind of a dumb argument, because how do you experience something for yourself and claim it doesn't exist? It's like saying emotions don't exist because they are just biological chemical reactions, when in reality that's an argument for how they exist.
@eastathenaeum - As in teach professionally? You are too kind. No, I just love learning and sharing...While I cannot speak for xpaper, I think they were trying to grasp what "the negative eigenvalue of a metric tensor" means mathematically. In other words, how do we calculate that? Are we treating a metric tensor as a matrix and then finding its eigenvalue?
If I had to take a guess, from your descriptions on the dynamic nature of spacetime, I have a feeling that you are using the inverse of the resultant eigenvector(s) to define "time"...as if spacetime itself is expanding at the speed of light, something like Einstein's cosmological constant...
Don't quote me on that though. I could be entirely wrong. I'm just trying to understand exactly how you are looking at the situation. You obviously have a deep understanding of it.
@xpaper - The concept of spacetime is such an interesting amalgam of Differential Geometry, Topology, and Linear Algebra that it can be a challenge to understand it. Some of the best videos to get a general idea of the Math behind it that I have seen are: https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL__fY7tXwodmfntSAAyBDxZ4_eE3ZwbFE
I usually approach the idea of "dimension" in terms of how many coordinates are needed to specify any location within a given space. So, a "1-dimensional line" only needs one coordinate to specify any point along it, a "2-dimensional plane" needs two coordinates to specify any location within it, and so on.
In the same way that we might think of a "2-dimensional square" as a slice of a "3-dimensonal cube", we might think of a 3D cube as a slice of a "4-dimensional hypercube". People might trip over visualizing such a thing, but again, all we are really thinking about is how many coordinates. When it comes to applying this idea to Physics, well...
To be honest, I think Einstein (and the theoretical physicists who followed him) go a little overboard with the Math sometimes, to the point of obscuring the actual physical phenomenon that they are describing...though I am not as harsh with my assessment of Relativity as Nikola Tesla. π
One has to keep in mind that Einstein formulated his idea of spacetime when scientists were arguing over the constitution of the aether. So, I think Einstein was like, "Here guys, let's just use this mathematical model to describe light and gravity for now. We'll figure out the composition of the aether later." Unfortunately, it seems to have led to a lot of confusion.
No, my understanding sucks, but thank you for the vote of confidence. I've only taken physics for engineering & science majors 1 & 2 in college as well as some others completely unrelated to cosmology. I've read about it a lot in Wikipedia over the decades and kept up with hypothetical models trying to make breakthroughs, but that hardly constitutes as studying.
The eigenvalue is determined from a metric tensor matrix, which is the scalar equivalent to the eigenvector, so yes, that is correct. I'm kind of falling down a rabbit hole trying to find pure mathematical context, and everything I'm looking up leads back to physical interpretation. In relativity, negative eigenvalues are pretty much a given rather than a consequence. I never gave it any thought.
I just called a friend over this after numerous carefully worded searches. He has two degrees, one in math, and he told me there is no purely mathematical context, that all it would do is flip the field and that it is never used. Now my brain hurts because this doesn't sound at all like the context laid out in relativity. Lol
art music videogames programming games anime personal food writing cats blog gaming movies books photography comics fashion design animation horror game furry technology coding portfolio manga programacion drawing education ocs html poetry cute sports fun history musica animals film philosophy web programing reading literature kpop science tech arte roblox computers politics school minecraft travel retro youtube gamedev nature pokemon cartoons videogame memes illustration 2000s video internet fantasy videojuegos blogging dogs diary comic random life videos test linux webcomic gardening news fanfiction queer idk nostalgia pink love kawaii fandom worldbuilding business 90s health cars stuff silly emo y2k arg oc tv vocaloid css aesthetic journal learning cooking fiction math space scifi website ai software media graphics homestuck stories lgbt football marketing cat javascript commissions sanrio 3d crafts sport pixelart cutecore culture goth punk funny digitalart films archive painting etc artist characters religion dnd development trans metal lgbtq entertainment fanart cool scene graphicdesign code arts webcomics streaming sonic diy me webcore rpg comedy story dance comida webdesign psychology educacion gay informatica roleplay hacking computer indie cyberpunk weird plants electronics crochet friends aboutme vaporwave program soccer cinema ttrpg oldweb it weirdcore engineering basketball reviews html5 languages baking editing originalcharacters about guitar makeup creativity social zines journaling clothes rock discord project community fnaf aesthetics lifestyle vtuber information testing everything pets nintendo study series language spirituality photos mlp sewing storytelling shows shop beauty movie magic architecture biology money clothing experimental blogs crypto lain japan radio tecnologia resume digital nothing ghchs undertale furries vintage fitness thoughts shopping blinkies ttrpgs japanese futbol cosplay info carrd autism coffee chat vr occult physics other creative wip book bugs websites witchcraft system birds profile splatoon dolls television lore research webdevelopment cybersecurity apps finance gamedevelopment python free transgender juegos events site band astronomy alternative linguistics flowers hobbies rap deportes pixels deltarune meme dreams fortnite projects anything touhou photo toys work robots singing developer windows genshin fish personalwebsite fanfic fansite security mathematics fnf knitting aliens online pizza theatre dog family app dragons puzzle lol vampires links data sleep humor wiki roleplaying zonelets all mentalhealth twitch breakcore fandoms a twine characterdesign drawings interests interactive modding android adventure gifs scenecore astrology cartoon ffxiv english animations no gallery teaching bio hobby privacy gamedesign mystery skateboarding tf2 home pixel stamps rp crafting tvshows collecting noise death hiking sleeping gothic tarot medicine hiphop awesome danganronpa resources visualnovels coquette journalism shrine objectshows deporte audio bitcoin graphic zine dreamcore gyaru chess essays robotics rpgs swag podcast dancing meow osc jfashion puzzles poems computing communism lolita misc romance plushies things car law progamming mario doom none recipes socialmedia electronic girls boardgames tcc christianity java production blender creepypasta ecommerce utau anarchism gym scratch moda paranormal omori myself flash vent mythology student clowns pictures epic educational wrestling old frutigeraero indiegames intro 80s activism webdev ocean spanish js hellokitty help tumblr lesbian images pc estudiante truecrime dark stars bfdi computerscience piano otherkin running geography feminism enstars programas traveling novels god southpark vkei dev plurality tabletop cafe yaoi introduction transformers 3dmodeling curso environment realestate college vtubers musicals travelling translation baseball creepy store trains homepage retrogaming monsters warriorcats closedspecies forum event bunnies pastel maths podcasts jewelry gatos programar chemistry marvel bts foods lego jpop hardware search multimedia shoes outdoors starwars yoga brasil persona opensource services filmmaking whatever techno tools yes collection turismo cyber shitposting jazz construction kidcore weed escuela designing gamer craft popculture unblocked kirby weather therian maps sound style dinosaurs insects cricket grunge sharks mcr cryptocurrency stickers fotografia miriadax drugs petz horses restaurant yuri freedom vhs learn species depression angels videoediting blockchain pjsk surrealism songs args peliculas tea people collage novel did tourism economics text acting egl cine css3 informacion socialism conspiracy salud academic mobile lgbtqia birthday surreal digitalmarketing service analysis videography homework animes world hockey medical cv animanga hi furniture foss fishing ecology animales tutorials dj ideas studying general edm artwork jesus rats trading sciencefiction rpgmaker alterhuman skating bible twitter practice halloween drama guns libros estudio modeling networking theater swimming miku google frogs bsd volleyball truth pop ropa kandi racing water wedding class supernatural conlang videogaming programmer cultura cryptids plural healthcare author ambient genshinimpact society glitch company noticias scary brazil hair tattoos 3dprinting ghosts prompts historia library soft live cleaning neocities vlog chatting cs bl erotica women anarchy jjba server skincare review cycling bot chill tic ux mods frontend lostmedia knowledge university schoolproject hardcore tennis datascience nerd academia sculpture visualnovel tareas shitpost desarrollo startrek church kids future synthesizers rhythmgames tecnology christian blue advertising bikes aviation shrines programa quotes alt anthropology training php retrogames evangelion neopets viajes onepiece crime character green friendship revival tiktok ultrakill halflife instagram idols blood jobs bands archives sustainability graffiti finalfantasy apple theology sociology camping silliness dating analog something photoshop creatures rainbow theory entretenimiento colors creation disney index kin anthro batman house tarea designer desing webseries spooky ar download hack jogos visualkei otaku illustrations programs communication chaos industrial conlangs csgo cozy play literatura new tokipona magick cult 3dart meditation performance animal articles esoteric miscellaneous building mylittlepony paganism vampire writer vrchat disability jokes 4chan eating facts trabajo garden shoegaze yugioh youtuber animalcrossing overwatch zelda cards joke exercise interactivefiction girly retrocomputing ios sims lolitafashion french notes rambling pruebas medieval tattoo hotel liminal originalcharacter developing analoghorror mushrooms party sites club beer sketching repair vegan gender pinterest unix dc generator webring draw map satire musicproduction content gacha ceramics os tokusatsu rave practicas vtubing marxism archival pet magazine rants voiceacting cheese stupid folklore superheroes selfship garfield kink tips ranfren mtg doodles agriculture self vinyl educativo programacao mecha digimon conlanging black gis proyecto military happy men nft ciencia geek academico geocities statistics netflix dungeonsanddragons time underground embroidery chiptune commission talking wow musician label riddle bass oldroblox electronica shit network hosting crd studio scp purple sonicthehedgehog f1 shifting adhd mcyt city spiritual private handmade spiderman solarpunk guide doctorwho quiz lofi ui poop travels original archiving creativewriting words secret streamer minimalism spongebob directory farming tutorial cringe genealogy randomstuff e tamagotchi projectsekai calculator biography database trinkets professional products beginner cities fightinggames casino evil hyperpop steam collections writting kawaiicore charity
That means a lot to me, coming from someone with such an awesome webpage. Keep up the Korean!
P.S. I hope you get into grad school ~ *